WEBINAR | From Infrastructure to Impact: EM & Micro-CT in Materials Core Facilities

Mapping Electrode Misalignment in Cylindrical Cells with Tescan Micro-CT

High-resolution X-ray tomography uncovers subtle but critical anode overhang variations — helping battery developers align performance with safety standards.

hero
hero
Unlocked content

Uncovering the Impact of Electrode Overhang on Battery Reliability

 In lithium-ion batteries, precise alignment between cathode and anode layers is more than a manufacturing target — it’s a safety requirement. In cylindrical cell formats like 18650 or 21700, even slight deviations in anode overhang can compromise performance, accelerate degradation, or introduce risk of thermal failure and the potential for fire.

This application note highlights how Tescan UniTOM XL micro-CT allows engineers to quantify overhang and related geometric variations across fully assembled cells. With 3D visualization and angle-resolved segmentation, Tescan’s workflow enables proactive design validation and tolerance optimization before failure occurs.

Why Study Anode Overhang

with Tescan?

01
Root of the Problem

Why Electrode Alignment Defines Battery Safety Margins

The anode in cylindrical lithium-ion batteries is intentionally wider than the cathode, creating a designed buffer zone known as the anode overhang. This feature supports ion transfer and safety under normal operation. But if the overhang becomes inconsistent or exceeds design tolerances, localized current density may rise, increasing the risk of short circuits or lithium plating.

Poor control over this parameter not only reduces efficiency — it introduces real safety risks. Yet, due to the cell’s enclosed design, this overhang has traditionally been difficult to inspect without destroying the battery. That’s where non-destructive micro-CT comes in.

02
Materials and Methods

Non-Destructive Imaging of Anode Overhang in Assembled Cylindrical Cells

An 18650-format lithium-ion cell was scanned using Tescan UniTOM XL at a spatial resolution of 15 µm voxel size. The full internal electrode stack was reconstructed in 3D using VGSTUDIO MAX, and the overhang region was segmented based on spatial position relative to the cathode sheets.

Image analysis tools enabled both linear measurements and exit-angle evaluations, allowing the overhang to be color-coded and mapped across the full stack geometry. This provided a comprehensive spatial dataset without altering or opening the cell.

03
Results and Discussion

Measuring Overhang Lengths, Exit Angles, and Geometry Trends

3D visualization of the reconstructed cell revealed clear overhang zones, with lengths varying measurably across the cylindrical stack. Figure 1 shows the overhang volume in yellow, emphasizing how even small geometric shifts are captured non-destructively. The software also enabled exit-angle classification, highlighting where the anode curved away from its ideal position.

These deviations are subtle but significant. They can influence how current paths form during cycling. By providing both quantitative and spatially resolved data, this workflow gives engineers the insight needed to refine electrode design rules and catch early-stage misalignments before they turn into performance bottlenecks or failure points.

GET IN Touch

Contact us

Get the most out of Tescan

This is more than information; it's an advantage. We've compiled our technical whitepapers, detailed product flyers, and on-demand webinars to provide you with the knowledge that makes a real difference. Sign up now to access the insights you need to make an impact.

Tescan Instruments & Technology

Used in This Workflow

Tescan UniTOM XL

Tescan UniTOM XL enables full-volume, high-resolution scans of lithium-ion batteries — ideal for structural inspection, defect localization, and dimensional validation.

  • Supports large samples, from cylindrical to pouch and prismatic cells
  • High-resolution imaging with voxel sizes down to the single-micron range
  • Compatible with VGSTUDIO MAX and Panthera™ for advanced segmentation 
MICRO_UniTOM_XL_1-2

GET IN Touch

Contact us

map

Where can you find us:

Tescan Brno
Libušina třída 21
623 00 Brno
Czech Republic

info@Tescan.com 

130405923 us US 37.09024 -95.712891 25.3575 29.349345 20.67957527 42.082797 39.91384763 -33.693421 13.93320106 3.039986586 31.997988 38.050985 47.579533 48.1485965 58.375799 54.663142 19.195447 56.975106 50.493053 45.868592 10.79556993 44.35660598 43.2371604 55.536415 14.557577179752773 32.100937 -6.116829 -6.212299277967318 23.7104 -33.471062 31.998740087 -23.69149395 43.462349 51.529848 49.1893523 49.197486 25.072375 31.075811 1.299027 40.676979 52.30150662 51.013813 35.684121 37.479653 52.246622 40.581349 39.911632 -26.1811371 41.818215 33.429928

No distributors found.